Orangutans in Indonesia (Ningsih Direction)

In 2015, scientists estimated that the total population of orangutans on the island of Borneo, both in Indonesia and Malaysia there are approximately 54 thousand individuals. Among the three sub-species of the Borneo orangutan, Pp pygmaeus is a sub-species leastand endangered. Threat for all sub-species of Bornean orangutans are an endangered species and is fully protected by Indonesian law. This species classified by CITES on Appendix I (species that are prohibited for international commercial trade because it is very vulnerable to the extinction). Some of the main threats faced by the Borneo orangutans are losing habitat, illegal logging, forest fires, poaching and trade of orangutans to be the pet. In the last decade, there are at least 1.2 million ha of forests in Indonesia used for the activities of large-scale logging, illegal logging and forest conversion for agriculture, plantation, mining, and settlements. Forest fires caused by climate change such as El Nino and a prolonged dry spell also result in reducing population of orangutans. Over the last 20 years, Borneo orangutans habitat reduced by at least about 55%.

Losing habitat and destruction and fragmentation is by far the greatest threat to orangutans. Huge tracts of forest have been cleared throughout the their range, through legal and illegal logging and forest conversion for oil palm plantations and other agriculture. Fires related to these activities also pose a serious threat to both orangutans and their habitat.

Today, more than 50% of orangutans are found outside of protected areas, in forests under management by timber, palm oil and mining companies. 

To sum up the government should be care of about the preservation of mammals such as Orangutans. Because the population level decreases day by day so that said phase is almost extinct. Moreover, Sumatra and Kalimantan are one of the orang-utan habitat. When they are not there it will be happened evolution and considered extinct forever. Therefore the need for a more severe punishment and in followed up in legal proceedings according to the law in Indonesia.